キニーネCAS:130-95-0

キニーネ, also known as cinchona frost and cinchona alkaloid, is the main alkaloid in the bark of the Rubiaceae plant cinchona tree and its congeners. The bark of cinchona contains more than 20 kinds of alkaloids. Malaria also has quinidine, cinchonine and cinchonidin. All the alkaloids of cinchona bark are used as antimalarial and antipyretic drugs, called cinchona alkaloid or quinine. Quinine is chemically a quinoline, and quinidine is an isomer of each other. White amorphous powder or crystal, odorless, extremely bitter taste. The melting point is 172.8°C, and it has levorotatory properties, [ある]D20-168° (ethanol).Soluble in ethanol, chloroform, ベンゼン, エーテル, 水にわずかに溶ける. Its dilute sulfuric acid solution has blue fluorescence, and it is emerald green when bromine water and excess ammonia water are added dropwise.

Quinine is one of the oldest antimalarial drugs. As early as the 15th century, cinchona bark containing quinine has become a special drug widely used in the treatment of malaria. Its antimalarial effect is similar to that of chloroquine, which interferes with DNA synthesis. effect. It can inhibit the intra-erythrocyte phase of various malaria parasites and control the onset of malaria symptoms. It also has a certain killing effect on the gametophyte of Plasmodium vivax and Malaria vivax. But it has no effect on the extracellular phase of erythrocytes. Its main advantage is that it is not easy to develop drug resistance. It may be that quinine binds to Plasmodium in a different way than chloroquine, so there is no cross-resistance, and it can be used to resist chloroquine strains (especially Plasmodium falciparum) infection. In addition, quinine also stimulates the uterus, inhibits the myocardium, and has antipyretic and analgesic effects.