Cytochrome C is primarily known as an electron-carrying mitochondrial protein. The transition of cytochrome c between the ferrous and ferric states within the cell makes it an efficient biological electron-transporter and it plays a vital role in cellular oxidations in both plants and animals. It is generally regarded as a universal catalyst of respiration, forming an essential electron-bridge between the respirable substrates and oxygen.
A component of the electron transport chain in mitochondria, cytochrome c is assumed to be the functional complex utilized in low-level laser therapy (LLLT), which increases the metabolic activity and frees up more energy for the cells to repair the tissue.It shows peroxidase activity by oxidation of various electron donors such as 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 2-keto-4-thiomethyl butyric acid and 4-aminoantipyrine. It is used as an important mediator in apoptotic pathways.
Cytochrome c is primarily known for its function in the mitochondria as a key participant in the life-supporting function of ATP synthesis. However, when a cell receives an apoptotic stimulus, cytochrome c is released into the cytosol and triggers programmed cell death through apoptosis.
It has a rapid enzymatic effect on the oxidation and reduction process of cells in tissues. It is used for tissue hypoxia caused by various reasons in first aid or auxiliary treatment. Leukopenia caused by anti-cancer drugs, circulatory disorders of limbs, liver diseases and nephritis also have certain therapeutic effects.
